Integrated management of adult illness

All Publications File Name. A heavy burden : The indirect cost of illness in Afriaca. The diseases afflicting the African population are responsible for a substantial loss in health, estimated at

We describe the laboratory-confirmed etiologies of illness among participants in a hospital-based febrile illness cohort study in northern Tanzania who retrospectively met Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness District Clinician Manual IMAI criteria for septic shock, severe respiratory distress without shock, and severe pneumonia, and compare these etiologies against commonly used antimicrobials, including IMAI recommendations for emergency antibacterials ceftriaxone or ampicillin plus gentamicin and IMAI first-line recommendations for severe pneumonia ceftriaxone and a macrolide. Among participants hospitalized with febrile illness, there were 25 septic shock, 37 severe respiratory distress without shock, and severe pneumonia cases. We conclude that although empiric ceftriaxone is appropriate in our setting, etiologies not explicitly addressed in IMAI guidance for these syndromes, such as cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and tetracycline-responsive bacterial infections, were common.

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A revised version was then validated in Ethiopia and Uganda where HIV, malnutrition and malaria prevalence is different from South Africa. Currently, very few children under 15 years of age receive antiretroviral therapy ART. Most users should sign in with their email address.

Teamwork in health is defined as two or more people who interact interdependently with a common purpose, working toward measurable goals that benefit from leadership that maintains stability while encouraging honest discussion and problem solving. Researchers have found that integrating services among many health providers is a key component to better treat undeserved populations and communities with limited access to health care. The WHO IMAI guidelines support the rapid expansion of access to ART by supporting the shifts of key tasks to multi-purpose health workers at first-level facilities located in the community health centres and clinics.

The World Health Organization has coordinated the development of the IMAI guidelines and training materials, based on a working group involving 22 Departments and AFRO in addition to a large international working group. The simplified WHO standardized guidelines are for ARV therapy within the context of primary health care, based at first-level health facilities or in district clinics. IMAI provides tools standardized guidelines and standard training packages to teach these guidelines for rapid country adaptation and use in their efforts to achieve the 3x5 goals.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The opinions expressed are his, and do not necessarily reflect the policies and positions of the World Health Organization. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.